Dr. Jayesh Pawar

• Congenital: Present at birth, due to abnormal spinal development during fetal growth.
  Congenital scoliosis: Abnormal spinal vertebrae formation.
• Neuromuscular Conditions: Disorders like cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or polio can lead to muscle imbalances that cause spine deformities.
• Degenerative Changes: Conditions like osteoarthritis and disc degeneration, which can lead to kyphosis or scoliosis in older adults.
• Trauma/Injury: Fractures or accidents can cause misalignment or curvature of the spine.
• Postural Habits: Poor posture over time can contribute to lordosis or kyphosis, especially in children.
• Genetic Factors: Conditions like Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, or familial history of scoliosis.

visible postural changes, pain, and nerve-related issues.

• Visible Postural Abnormalities: Uneven shoulders, hips, or waist, or a noticeable curve in the back (scoliosis or kyphosis).
• Back Pain: Pain or discomfort due to abnormal spinal alignment or muscle strain.
• Reduced Mobility: Limited ability to bend or twist the spine, leading to difficulty in daily activities.
• Neurological Symptoms: Numbness, weakness, or tingling in the limbs (due to nerve compression).
• Fatigue: Due to poor spinal alignment and muscle strain.
• Breathing Difficulties: Severe cases of kyphosis can impair lung function, causing shortness of breath.

assess the severity and nature of the deformity.

• Physical Examination: Inspection of posture and alignment, testing for signs of scoliosis, kyphosis, or lordosis.
• X-rays: The primary imaging tool to visualize the degree of spinal curvature and deformity.
• MRI/CT Scan: Used if there is suspicion of nerve involvement or structural abnormalities in soft tissues.
• Scoliometer: A special tool used to measure the degree of spinal curvature in cases of scoliosis.

conservative management to surgery.

Conservative Treatment:

• Physical Therapy: Exercises and stretches to strengthen the muscles around the spine and improve posture. In some cases, specific exercises (like the Schroth Method for scoliosis) can be effective.
• Bracing: Custom-made braces to help correct or prevent worsening of spinal curvature, especially in growing children with scoliosis.
• Pain Management: NSAIDs or pain medications to alleviate discomfort caused by the deformity.
• Postural Training: Encouraging proper posture and ergonomics to avoid exacerbating the deformity.

Surgical Treatment:

• Indications: Severe deformities that affect function, cause significant pain, or progress despite conservative treatment.
• Procedures:
  Spinal Fusion: Fusing the vertebrae together to stabilize the spine and correct the deformity. Scoliosis Correction Surgery: Involves the use of rods, screws, and other devices to straighten the spine and prevent further curvature. Kyphoplasty or Vertebroplasty: Minimally invasive procedures to correct vertebral deformities, commonly used for kyphosis due to osteoporotic fractures. Osteotomy: Cutting and realigning bones in the spine to correct deformities.

Other Treatments:

• Injection Therapy: In some cases, corticosteroid injections can be used to reduce inflammation or pain.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: For milder deformities, maintaining an active lifestyle with regular exercise may help manage symptoms and prevent worsening.